Jewish Thinking - Ahead of the Curve

Most of us are familiar with the yetzer hatov and the yetzer hara in Jewish thought. Most simply, these are translated as the 'good inclination' and the 'evil inclination'. And yet they are considerably more complex than that. It is said that without the 'yetzer hara' - the 'evil inclination' - no one would have the ambition to do anything productive. You can read more about this idea at My Jewish Learning.

Recently, scientists have been studying dopamine, a molecule in the brain that brings pleasure. The New York Times Science Section wrote about it on October 27.

And as I read the article, all I could think about was how like the 'yetzer hara' this dopamine seems to be!

I don't know about you - but for me it's another example of the modern implications of Jewish wisdom.

Isn't it great when science gives us an opening to mention traditional Jewish thinking?

Lech Lecha

Reading B'reisheet, I always think, is like reading a fast-moving adventure novel. Things happen, one after another, so that you hardly have time to think about all the ramifications of one story line when another catches your attention. Within this week's single parasha there are:

• God's command to Avram to leave and go somewhere - destination unknown (at least to Avram) at the time of the command
• Famine in Canaan, and Avram and Saray's side trip to Egypt
• Division of the land between Lot and Avram
• War among kings in the area resulting in the kidnapping of Lot and his household, and Lot's redemption by Avram
• Meeting of Avram with Melchitzedek, king of Shalem, generally understood to be the first mention of Jerusalem in the Torah
• Foreshadowing of the Egyptian exile, and God's promise to ultimately redeem the people
• Hagar's first separation from the camp of Avram and Saray, and her return
• Birth of Ishmael to Hagar
• Change of name of Avram and Saray to Avraham and Sarah
• Command to circumcise every male in the group
• Promise that Sarah will give birth
• Mass circumcision in the camp of all males.

Surely there is enough here to plan lessons for a semester, if not a year, and we have one week if we are teaching parshat hashavua and need to keep up with the calendar. Lucky it's the month of Heshvan - no holidays coming up!!

Big Ideas: There are so many you'll have to choose. Here are a few suggestions. Fortunately, some are more appropriate for younger learners, some for older students. And, in most cases, we have more than one year to help our students learn Torah. Just be sure that you're not teaching the same thing last year's teacher taught.

• God chose Avraham for reasons we can only imagine to be the inheritor of God's blessing
• It may be necessary to stand apart in order to do what God wants of us
• The path toward following God is not always straight or clear
• People - even fundamentally good people - do not always behave admirably
• Names are significant
• Following God's commandments is not always easy or pain free

Questions:

• What are some stories you know about Avram's childhood? Why do we have midrashim about Avraham's childhood?
• Why do you think Avram had to leave his country, his clan, his family in order to obey God? Which do you think was most difficult for him?
• What do you think about the story of Avram and Saray in Egypt (Chapter 12)? In what way is your opinion of Avram affected by the story?
• What can be the reason for the detailed description of the war among the kings in the area (Chapter 14)
• What two covenants does God make with Avraham in this parasha (in chapter 15 and in chapter 17)? What do they have in common?
• What do all the story segments in this parasha tell us about God? About Avraham? About Sarah? About the land of Israel?

Learning Activities:

• The language in this parasha is not terribly difficult, although some of the stories certainly are challenging. There are a number of phrases that have become basic Hebrew idioms, and you may want to learn them: Debbie Friedman wrote a beautiful song around the words "Lech lecha" which is sung in many religious schools. You can hear it here. Kum v'Hitalech BaAretz, by Yoram Taharlev, is a beautiful song which builds on the words in chapter 13:17 - Kum hit'halech ba'aretz. You can get to Taharlev's website in Hebrew here and there is a an English translation. To hear the song, go here and click on the arrow pointing to the lyrics. For an English translation of the lyrics, look here. What do the words to this song tell you about the lyricist's feelings about Israel?
• If you have the time, and if you have the patience and the interest, please read Noam Zion and Steve Israel's incredibly rich treatment of Avraham, The First Jew, a Journey Begun with a Fateful Choice, from the Shalom Hartman Institute. (This is the same source institution that has brought us A Different Night, an outstanding Haggadah for Pesach.) You will almost certainly not be able to use this in its entirety, but I promise that if you read it you will find pieces that will add to your understanding of Avraham, and will probably give you some ideas for activities in your classroom.

To Save One Life

Sergey Brin, co-founder of Google, has donated $1,000,000 to HIAS, the organization which helped him and his family leave the Soviet Union and settle in the United States. He has said that without their help he could never have achieved what he has.

Most of us owe our existence in one way or another to the help of others. Tennessee Williams, in A Streetcar Named Desire, had his character say, "I have always relied on the kindness of strangers." As Jews we have other foundations for our obligation to help others - whether they are strangers or friends.

Here are some suggestions for learning more about how and why Jewish organizations helped Sergey Brin and his family, along with countless others.

Big Ideas:

• All Jews are responsible for one another - Kol Yisrael arevim zeh bazeh
• Help those who need help - Ozer dalim
• Do not stand by when others are threatened - Al ta-amod al dam re'acha
• You must redeem the hostage - Pidyon sh'vuyim
• You must pursue justice - Tsedek, tsedek tirdof

Essential Questions:

• What is HIAS?
• How did your family come to live in the United States?
• Why do so many hospitals have Jewish names?
• What programs does your local Jewish Federation Agency support?

Learning Activities:

Use the following websites to find out more about HIAS, Jewish Federations, and other agencies supported or founded largely through Jewish donations:

• HIAS
• UJC
• AJWS
• Jewish Hospital Movement

Assessment Activities:

• Find out if anyone in your family has benefited from any of the above organizations. Create a presentation that explains how.
• Choose one or more of the Big Ideas and explain how it influences or has influenced one or more of the agencies or organizations you learned about
• Find out what agencies/groups/organizations there are in your community that help others. Choose one or more and explain which of the Big Ideas they illustrate.
• Pick one of the Big Ideas and plan a way in which you can help support it in your own community

Noach

Introducti0n:

What a treat to be immersed in the "easy to read and explain" narrative of B'raisheet!! Here are the stories we all know and love - the ones we remember from the picture books of pre-school and the simplistic Bible stories of the primary grades. Isn't it so much easier to teach stories our students already know?!?

Thought for the teacher: If you are teaching the same 'story' year after year, are you really surprised that at some point the learners are bored? Or that at the end of their formal Jewish educational experience they distance themselves from the childish knowledge that is the extent of what they have been exposed to?

Let's continue to try something different. And let's begin by updating the challenge we faced in teaching B'raisheet

Here's the challenge -

• how do we make the 'old' story of Noah and the Flood and the Tower of Babel 'new' in the eyes of our students?
• How can we transform a narrative that our learners have been reading and hearing forever into something they find important?
• How can we get from "How did the animals get onto the ark" to some really big thinking about what the point is in studying Torah?
• How can we help our students answer the fundamental question I think all learners should be able to answer, "What did you learn today/this week/this month that is important?"

Big Ideas:

• Not all the important ideas in Torah are stated outright.
• Filling in the blanks in Torah is really important for understanding its message to us.

Some Important Questions:

• What do we know about Noah from the text?
• How do we know about Noah from the text? Who is telling the story?
• What did you learn from Noah's experience that is important to you in your life?
• What lessons are there for us in the story of the Tower of Babel?

Learning Activities:

• Read the story of Noah line-by-line, stopping at the end of each verse, as if you have never seen or heard it before. Each time you stop, try to describe what you have just read. Also, try to predict what will happen next. Did anything you read surprise you? Explain.
• The first word of Chapter 6 verse 16 is "tsohar". This word is called a "hapax legomena". You can read more about this here in an article from the Jewish Encyclopedia. How can we understand a word that appears only once in the entire text? Why is that a problem?
• Read the comments about the word "tsohar" here in the post on October 27, 2006. What did you learn? Is it important information?
• Read the story of the Tower of Babel the same way you read the story of Noah, and go through the same process. Do you think God punished the people or rewarded them in this story? Explain your thinking.
• The United States is a country made up of many diverse populations, coming from or descended from hundreds of native countries, with hundreds of native languages spoken by its population. How is this a good thing? How is it a problem? How is your thinking influenced by the story of the Tower of Babel?

Assessment:

• What new understanding of Torah in your life do you have as a result of these activities?
• What important ideas have you uncovered in studying this parasha?
• What else are you curious about that we have not studied together - and how might you learn more?

Teachers Need...

You may have noticed that the lesson ideas posted here are not prescriptive. In other words, they offer suggestions and choices to the teachers using them, along with a structure for thinking about what is important in the teaching and learning.

This is intentional. It is not that I couldn't present a script for direct use - first say this, then that, and finally the other - but rather that I don't believe that is a best practice.

Teachers should be treated with respect - respect for their motivation, for their knowledge, for their abilities. Requiring the use of a script presumes that without one the teacher would be unable to work effectively. I just don't think that is the case.

I do not believe lessons should be, as is sometimes recommended, 'teacher-proof', as if anything other than word-for-word lessons leads to inferior learning.

What I do think is that teachers need support in getting better at what they do; they need opportunities to work together to improve their practice; they need the time and space to reflect on their experiences and challenges; they need to be treated as the professionals they are.

You may want to read the article in Education Week at this link: Stress, Control and the Deprofessionalizing of Teaching for more thoughts on this topic.

Doing Jewish

Introduction:

Jewish text does not have a monopoly on wisdom or ethics. It does, however, contain both in great abundance. One of the valuable lessons our learners ought to take with them forever is that the foundations for what many see as universal values are embedded in Jewish thinking. Some of the greatest ideas of our civilization are in large part based on the great ideas of Judaism, and we can take justifiable pride in that concept.

This post is a suggestion for using media and popular culture to support learning of Jewish ideas.

Big Ideas:

• People have the capacity to choose freely between good and evil
• Everything one does is part of who s/he is
• Jewish wisdom insists we take responsibility for our decisions and actions

Question our learners should be able to answer:

• What evidence do we have in Jewish texts to support these ideas?
• Which of the stories below is, in your opinion, the story of a hero? What supports your opinion

Learning Activities:

I.

A book has just been released in which Capt. Sulllenberger tells the story of his life and the events we know as the "Miracle on the Hudson", the safe landing of the jet he was piloting and rescue of all aboard.

One of the statements quoted in the Wall Street Journal's article by his co-author has within it the following quotation.

'Sully has heard from people who say preparation and diligence are not the same as heroism. He agrees.

One letter ...came from Paul Kellen of Medford, Mass. "I see a hero as electing to enter a dangerous situation for a higher purpose," he wrote, "and you were not given a choice. That is not to say you are not a man of virtue, but I see your virtue arising from your choices at other times. It's clear that many choices in your life prepared you for that moment when your engines failed.

"There are people among us who are ethical, responsible and diligent. I hope your story encourages those who toil in obscurity to know that their reward is simple—they will be ready if the test comes. I hope your story encourages others to imitation."

Sully now sees lessons for the rest of us. "We need to try to do the right thing every time, to perform at our best," he says, "because we never know what moment in our lives we'll be judged on."'

II.

Dr. Tina Strobos is 89 years old and lives in Rye, NY. During World War II she lived in Amsterdam and was part of a family that saved many Jews by hiding them in their home. You can read about her here.

Why would she take such gambles for people she sometimes barely knew?

“It’s the right thing to do,” she said with nonchalance. “Your conscience tells you to do it. I believe in heroism, and when you’re young, you want to do dangerous things.”

'... such an outlook has an origin, what Donna Cohen, the Holocaust Center’s executive director, calls “learned behavior.” Dr. Strobos comes from a family of socialist atheists who took in Belgian refugees during World War I and hid German and Austrian refugees before World War II. Dr. Strobos had close Jewish friends and, for a time, a Jewish fiancé, Abraham Pais... . '

III.

Here are some quotations from Jewish sources to read and think about. What does each quotation mean? How are they similar? How are they different? Choose one and use it to explain why Captain Sullenberger and Dr. Strobos did what they did.

from Pirkei Avot, the Ethics of the Fathers:

"Hillel says that in a place where there are no 'humans', try to be 'human'"

,ו ובמקום

שאין אנשים, השתדל להיות איש.

from Proverbs:

י בְּנִי-- אִם-יְפַתּוּךָ חַטָּאִים, אַל-תֹּבֵא.

10 My child, if sinners attract you, don't follow them. כז שֹׁחֵר טוֹב, יְבַקֵּשׁ רָצוֹן; וְדֹרֵשׁ רָעָה תְבוֹאֶנּוּ. 11:27 One who seeks good will find it; but one who searches for evil, it will come to him.

Culminating/Assessment Activity

Create a bulletin board on which you post articles which illustrate any and all of the 3 quotations you learned. For each article be sure to specify which idea it illustrates, and a short paragraph explaining why it does so.

Assessing Outcomes

We often say that one of the problems in Jewish education is that we can't assess outcomes until many years after the end of the programs we are attempting to evaluate.

This article, Generation Z appears in the on-line magazine Tablet. It describes the college years of several people whose names are familiar to us now, and I believe it also raises some interesting questions for us as educators:

• What was it about their college experiences that led to the ongoing involvement of these people in the Jewish world, and in Israel particularly?
• Beit Ephraim still exists, and has a website at which you can learn more about it. What do you think are its strengths? What might be its challenges?
• In your opinion, what kind of student might be attracted to a place like Beit Ephraim?
• What kind of prior Jewish educational experiences do you imagine might lead a college student to be interested in such a program?
• In what way are the curricula and programs of our Jewish educational systems geared toward building the kind of youth who are looking for serious Jewish involvement in their college years?
• How can we do our job better?

I'd love to hear your ideas about this.

Parshat B'Reisheet

Here's the challenge -

• how do we make the 'old' story of creation 'new' in the eyes of our students?
• How can we transform a narrative that our learners have been reading and hearing forever into something they find important?
• How can we get from "What was created on the first/second/third/etc. day to some really big thinking about what the point is in studying Torah?
• How can we help our students answer the fundamental question I think all learners should be able to answer, "What did you learn today/this week/this month that is important?"

Big Ideas:

• Words matter.
• Science and religion are about different things
• Jewish wisdom is a source of important ideas that guide our lives

Essential Questions:

• Why does each act of creation begin with the words: וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים - And God said?
• Explain why you think there are two different stories of creation.
• Who are you - what is your primary identity?
• How can we make sense of the story of the creation of the world in the Torah when we also learn the Big Bang Theory of how the universe came into being?
• What does learning Torah have to do with my "real life"?

Learning Activities:

• Read The Creative Power of Words, by Rabbi Evan Moffic at the link. What do his thoughts mean to you?
• This article about bullying illustrates a Jewish way of looking at this universal problem. How do you think it connects to this Torah portion?
• William Safire recently died. The following is a quotation from an article about him and his work in the October 11, 2009 Sunday Times Magazine: “At a certain point,” he conceded, “what people mean when they use a word becomes its meaning.” Does this statement affect the way you understand what is written in Torah?
• Rabbi Gail Labovitz writes about the two stories of creation that are side-by-side in the Torah. How does she understand the difference these two stories make in how we define ourselves? Which story are you more familiar with? Which do you generally teach to your students? Can you make an argument for teaching the one you usually ignore? For teaching both?
• On October 7th I wrote about the new head of the National Institutes of Health, Dr. Francis Collins. Go back to that post and re-read the article at about him at the link there. How does he explain his understanding of religion and science?

Assessment:

• Create a poster that illustrates how you understand the relationship between the Biblical stories of creation and the scientific explanations.
• Write a short essay that explains who you are, using the ideas that Rabbi Labovitz suggests in her D'var Torah.
• Formulate a policy on the use of words that uses the ideas you have learned from this parasha and the commentaries you have read.

Israel is Complicated

Israel is always in the news, out of all proportion to its physical size and probably also out of proportion to its real impact on world events. One can read articles suggesting that unconditional support of Israel and all its policies is vital to her survival, and one can read articles suggesting that it is precisely such support that is the cause of all the world's problems.

More troubling to many Jewish educators is the fact that many of our students are not sufficiently engaged in thinking about Israel at all to have formed meaningful opinions. They just don't care. To paraphrase a popular phrase, "They're just not that into Israel!"

The Jewish community has tried in many ways to engage American Jewish young people with Israel. We write curricula, we sponsor trips, we show movies, we bring speakers - the list is endless. Some techniques work for some people, others for other people, some better, some not so well.

One thing is for sure - there is no single magic trick that will work all the time for all the learners. This post is one idea among many that you may want to try.

If it works, please leave a comment so others can benefit from your experience.

If you have another idea, please share it with other readers.

If the suggestion falls on its face, perhaps you have an idea for making it better.

Good luck, Shabbat Shalom and Hag Sameach.

Big Idea:

• The relationship between American Jews and Israel is complex but important

Essential Questions:

• How do American Jews create/sustain/change/understand/express their relationship to Israel?
• How can we as Jewish educators engage our learners in serious analysis of their relationship to Israel?

Learning Activities:

• Compare and contrast the two articles at the links here. One is by Jay Michaelson, and is entitled How I'm Losing My Love for Israel. The other, a reponse to Michaelson's essay, is by Daniel Gordis, entitled No Right to Exhaustion. What do these two authors have in common? How do they differ?
• Read Deep Denial, by Michael Oren, Israel's Ambassador to the United States, and read Jonathan Sarna's article in HaAretz, Why are American Jews Abandoning Israel? What do these two authors have in common? How do they differ?
• JStreet and AIPAC are two organizations which state their support for Israel. Go to each of their websites at the links here. What do they have in common? How do they differ?

Assessment:

• Write to one of the authors of the articles above explaining why you agree or disagree with his expressed opinion
• Create a visual display that illustrates one of the articles you agree with. You may want to work with a partner to do this.
• Follow reports on Israel for one week, either in a newspaper, on TV, or on other media. At the end of the week, create a timeline of events that you learned about.
• Formulate a statement that articulates the way(s) in which you expect to learn more about Israel in the future.

At the end of the period during which you and your students are together, they may or may not come to the same conclusions about Israel that you have.

Hopefully what they will have developed is an interest in being actively engaged with Israel.

Hopefully they will care about Israel.

Hopefully they will continue to struggle with the challenge of being American Jews in a relationship with Israel.

An Advantage Jewish Educators Have

Constructivist teaching is an exciting, engaging way of supporting student learning. You may be interested in reading about a teacher's experience with constructivism in her classroom here.

Teachers in general education are often challenged by the necessity of adhering to curriculum that is designed to improve outcomes on high-stakes tests. Because of this they may find it difficult to honor the principle of allowing the learner to set the agenda for learning.

In Jewish education, I would suggest, the situation is different. While there are set curricula that schools adopt and/or create, there is a great deal more flexibility in desired Jewish learning outcomes than is generally the case in the general educational world. There are - at least in the congregational or complementary schools I am familiar with - no universal desired outcomes for students learning (one might argue about the requirements for performance at Bar/Bat Mitzvah, but that is a whole other story, one I hope to address at length some other time)

The outcomes we hope for are broad, deep, and often difficult to articulate.

Certainly we want to encourage subject knowledge. One would be hard-pressed to argue against a shared body of Judaic content knowledge. What should be included in this body is of course open to discussion.

We want the products of our education to participate in Jewish life. In what ways? Again, open to discussion.

We want our learners to go further - to believe that their Jewish learning is not complete when they finish the learning programs we provide for them - that they can and should be learning Jewishly during the rest of their lives.

That last outcome is one that I believe constructivist teaching can support in a powerful way. If our learners are given the autonomy to learn what interests them, and surely there are enough options within the body of Jewish content to support many different learning streams, then I believe they will see Jewish learning as something that has the potential to meet their actual needs.

Learners flourish when they have control of their learning. In Jewish education we are in a unique position to encourage and support this kind of learning - and to hope it will lead to a lifetime of self-motivated Jewish learning.

Things that Matter

The new head of the National Institutes of Health, Francis Collins, rides a Harley. He also believes in God.

What in the world does this have to do with Jewish education?

Here's what I thought when I began to read about him: Here's a fellow who believes in God, considers himself religious, and sees no conflict between his theology and his science. I like him already.

But then I went on to read about how he dresses, and how the previous two heads of the NIH dressed, and how their appearance and demeanor have affected the way their policies were viewed by the public.

Again, what does this have to do with Jewish education?

I think the big idea here is that while it may be that what's inside is what really counts, the real world often says otherwise. We tend to feel comfortable with people we can identify with. And one of the ways in which we decide if we can identify is through commonalities. We can better get to important ideas if we can start with shared experience and realities.

Do you know what TV programs your students watch? Have you ever watched them? What about music? Movies? Fashions?

I'm not saying we ought to be acting like teenagers or like kids. And I'm not suggesting that we emulate their taste in popular culture! Far from it!!

But I do think that we should be familiar with the culture they are immersed in.

Do you know what the current most downloaded song is?

Do you know what movie opened this past weekend that most if not all of your students saw?

Do you know what they watched last night on television?

These are ways to open conversations.

Take advantage.

And then get to the important stuff.

Like, how do we teach B'riyat Ha'olam to kids who know the Big Bang Theory?

V'Zot HaBrachah

This parasha, as you no doubt know, is the last segment of the 5 Books of Moses. We have read the entire Torah at this point, and it is really interesting to see how it all ends. Personally this parasha was a welcome relief to me, and not because it's finally over! Let's examine why:

Big Ideas:

• People remember beginnings and endings, often better than what is in the middle
• An author often uses an ending to express a summary of ideas contained within the entire body of writing
• Some people choose to write a document called an "ethical will" for those who survive them
• Endings are often beginnings of something entirely new.

Essential Questions:

1. What appears to be the emotional setting for this parasha?
2. How do the emotions expressed in this parasha compare to those in the rest of D'varim? in the other books of the Torah?
3. Whose voice(s) do you hear in this parasha?
4. This parasha is never read at a regular Shabbat morning service. What is the context for reading this parasha?

Learning Activities: Choose

• Compare and contrast Moshe's blessing with that of Yaacov at the end of B'Reisheet
• Compare and contrast this parasha with the rest of D'Varim.
• Read about Jewish ethical wills here and/or here.
• Read an example of a Jewish ethical will written by a not-yet-mother here
• Read Rabbi Oren Hayon's commentary on this parasha . Explain how you understand this passage in his essay:

"When, at last, Moses dies, his soul departs al pi Adonai, literally, “by God’s mouth” (34:5). Mouth to mouth, the breath of Moses is drawn in and subsumed into the breath of God. God tenderly inhales Moses’s final breath and then pauses. As we begin our cyclical reading of Torah once more, God exhales, filling Adam’s nostrils and giving life to all creation."

from Moses's Death,God's Breath, Oren J. Hayon.

Assessment Activities: Choose

• How did this parasha affect your understanding of Moshe? of B'nai Yisrael? of the Torah?
• Illustrate your understanding of this parasha, either in words or pictures.
• Explain what it means to you to begin immediately re-reading the Torah after you have just finished it.
• You read an ethical will written by a women whose child was not yet born. She explains that she will update it as time goes on. Even though you will probably live a very long time, try to write a first draft of your own ethical will. Who are you writing it to? What will you say? Explain when you think you will want to update it and why.

BIG IDEA:

There is more than one way to be motivated to understand and experience teshuvah.

QUESTIONS YOU WILL WANT YOUR STUDENTS TO BE ABLE TO ANSWER:

1. At this time of year, why are we especially motivated in the direction of teshuvah?
2. What prayers do you know of that help guide you on the path toward teshuvah?
3. What are the triggers for your own teshuvah?
4. How can you effectively focus on teshuvah?

LEARNING ACTIVITY:

Leonard Cohen is currently in Israel, and is expected to perform this week in Ramat Gan for a sellout crowd. This is not his first trip to Israel - he performed there during the 1973 Yom Kippur War in support of Israeli troops. You can read a first-person account of this here

Because it is so moving, and because we are in the period of Asseret Y'mei Teshuvah, the Ten days of Teshuvah, I hope Cohen will play this song: Who By Fire, which is based on the well-known prayer "U'Netane Tokef", a prominent part of the service on Yom Kippur.

Compare the lyrics in Cohen's song with those of the original.

Cohen's lyrics are at this link

Here are the words to U'Netane Tokef, according to a translation at ou.org:

On Rosh Hashanah will be inscribed

and on Yom Kippur will be sealed

how many will pass from the earth

and how many will be created;

who will live and who will die;

who will die at his predestined time

and who before his time;

who by water and who by fire,

who by sword, who by beast,

who by famine, who by thirst,

who by storm, who by plague,

who by strangulation, and who by stoning.

Who will rest and who will wander,

who will live in harmony and who will be harried,

who will enjoy tranquillity and who will suffer,

who will be impoverished and who will be enriched,

who will be degraded and who will be exalted.

Another version of the same prayer can be found here, with English translations appearing on the screen

To hear yet another version of this same prayer by the Israeli group Gevatron, click here and listen from the beginning of the 4th minute.

Another modern take on a traditional idea:

God's iPhone:

ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES: CHOOSE ONE OR MORE

• Write your own version of Unetaneh Tokef
• Compose your own melody for Unetaneh Tokef
• Illustrate your understanding of Unetaneh Tokef
• Write a short description of what Unetaneh tokef means to you.

I wish you all G'mar Hatimah Tovah, and may this Yom Kippur be meaningful for you and for all those around you.

More on Haazinu

A suggestion if you are teaching this parasha: since the body of it is a poem, and since poetry is often better understood when recited rather than when read silently, I urge you to read sections of this poem aloud to your students - and dramatically!!

I never suggest having students read aloud in turn - in my opinion (and that of most educators) the only two people paying attention in that case are the reader herself and the person who is on deck to read next and wants to be sure to know the place.

The difference when you read aloud is that you will have

• prepared the students to put themselves in the position of the people who are listening to Moshe
• reminded them that they were born in the desert, don't have their own memories of Egyptian slavery or of the Exodus
• pre-read the passage, thought about the meaning of the passages you have chosen, and
• will read with expression and passion. You will be sure you
• know how to pronounce all the words, you will possibly have
• edited the language to be more understandable to your students without changing the meaning of the text, you will
• direct your students to listen for the answers to some questions you have posed... How do you feel about listening to Moshe? What do you think about what he is saying? Have you ever heard any of this before? Why do you think he is talking about it now?
• select the sections that clearly illustrate what you want your students to think about.

One of the interesting issues this parasha raises is the question of why one obeys laws. It appears that the reason for obeying the laws stated by Moshe is that the people will be punished - severely punished - if (or when, if you read the text carefully) they disobey.

BIG IDEA:

There are many reasons people obey laws

QUESTIONS STUDENTS WILL NEED TO BE ABLE TO ANSWER:

Why do people obey rules?

Are there reasons for obeying some rules and not others?

Who has the authority to set the rules?

Who has the authority to punish rule-breakers?

If there were no punishment, would people obey rules?

LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

Discuss some of the laws we live by in this country (traffic laws, taxes, etc. You might want to mention the red light cameras that are being installed in Nassau County as an example of a way of enforcing a law). Who creates the laws? Who enforces them? What happens to those who disobey the laws? Are laws and rules the same thing? Compare and contrast the rules God sets forth through Moshe and those of your community. Are they equally binding? Explain your answer.

SUGGESTIONS FOR ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES:

The purpose of these activities is to help students better understand the important ideas they have been uncovering together. They are actually self-assessment rather than teacher-assessment, which is really more appropriate especially at this time of year.

1. During this season of teshuvah, have students may come up with their own thoughts on doing better in following God's rules. This can be done privately, during quiet time in class. You may want students to write what they have decided, and to seal these papers to be opened at a future time you will determine with the students.
2. Have students create a display that illustrates rules/laws that they expect will be followed in the synagogue/school because they are the right thing to do, rather than because of fear of punishment.
3. Set aside reflection time at the end of each class session during the month of Tishrei for students to think about which of God's rules they have followed that day, which they might have done better in following, and which they plan to concentrate on the following session.

I WISH YOU ALL G'MAR HATIMAH TOVAH.

Parashat Haazinu

This is the last portion of the Torah that is read on an ordinary Shabbat. The final portion, V'Zot Habrachah, is read on the holiday of Simhat Torah.

So what is noteworthy about this parasha?

First, most of it is written in the form of a poem. This is the second poem that Moshe has recited to the Israelites. What was the first?

Read the first poem here - in chapter 15, verses 1 - 19 of Exodus.

Read this week's poem here - in chapter 32, verses 1 - 43 of Deuteronomy

I'd like to suggest comparing these two poems in the following ways:

1. What is the context in which the poem is recited? What has just happened in each case? What is about to happen?
2. To whom is Moshe speaking in each case? In what way might that make a difference in the tone of the poems?
3. What do you think is the purpose of each of these poems? In what way does each seek to accomplish its purpose?
4. In your opinion, does either of the poems do what you believe it is trying to do? Explain why you think it does or does not.
5. There are some scholars who believe that these two poems are actually older than the rest of the Torah. What would it mean to how you understand Torah if this were true?
6. What do you think is the Big Idea in this parasha? Be ready to explain why you think so.

Another thing to think about:

The following verse appears in the parasha

ח בְּהַנְחֵל עֶלְיוֹן גּוֹיִם, {ס} בְּהַפְרִידוֹ בְּנֵי אָדָם; {ר} יַצֵּב גְּבֻלֹת עַמִּים, {ס} לְמִסְפַּר בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. {ר}

8 When the Most High gave to the nations their inheritance, when God separated the children of men, God set the borders of the peoples according to the number of the children of Israel.

Some scholars believe that the original text read:

"When the Most High established nations and split up the sons of men

He fixed the boundaries of peoples according to the number of gods."

What is different about these two texts? Why do you think it might have been changed? Which text makes more sense to you?

See you tomorrow, when we will discuss these and other issues in greater depth.

Comments? Criticisms? Suggestions? All welcome, as usual!